Compare states · Formula

Teacher pension multiplier by state

Many teacher pensions use the same idea: a percent for each year you worked, times your average pay near the end of your career.

Many teacher pensions are figured as multiplier × years of service × final average salary. Of the 50 states we cover so far, 13 states use one multiplier for everyone, 34 vary it by tier or plan, and 3 use a table or another method.

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This is an independent summary, not affiliated with or endorsed by any retirement system. Each answer comes from that state's own published sources, cited in the table. It covers the main teacher plan in each state; your own tier or employer can change the answer. Always confirm with your retirement system before you decide anything.

Covers all 50 states. "Not covered yet" means our data for that state doesn't settle the question yet. "Check with" means the sources leave a point open.

At a glance

State by state

Multiplier for teachers, by state (50 states, last checked Nov. 12, 2026)
StateMultiplier and formulaSource
AlabamaTRS of AlabamaDepends on tier or plan

Tier 1: 2.0125% × years × average of your best 3 of your last 10 years. Tier 2: 1.65% and best 5 of last 10.

TRS Member Handbook (7-2026), p. 21, Retirement Benefit Factor ('2.0125%'); Ala. Code Section 16-25-14(c)(1) ('Two and one-eightieth percent')Alabama formula guide →
AlaskaAlaska TRSDepends on tier or plan

2% for each of your first 20 years, 2.5% for each year after 20. Best 3 years' average. Tier III is an investment plan, not a pension.

Years earned before July 1, 1990 always count at 2%.

TRS Information Handbook (2011), p. 17, Pension Benefit Calculation; TRS Retirement Application Instruction Booklet (June 2023), p. 6, Benefit Formula; TRS Retirement Process handout (Jan. 6, 2025), slide 9Alaska formula guide →
ArizonaASRSDepends on tier or plan

2.1% to 2.3% × all your years, rising with total service (2.3% at 30+ years). Average of your best 36 or 60 months in a row.

36 months if you joined 1984 to June 2011; 60 months if you joined July 2011 or later.

ASRS Estimate Your Benefits page, Graded Multiplier Table; ASRS Employer Basics 2025, p. 9; A.R.S. 38-757(B)(1)(a)-(d)Arizona formula guide →
ArkansasATRSDepends on tier or plan

2.15% a year for contributory service (less for noncontributory service, or with under 10 years). Average of your best 5 years.

Noncontributory service earns 1.25%-1.39%. Some members get the higher of a 3-year or 5-year average.

artrs.gov/multiplier ('Retiring with 10 years or more of actual/reciprocal service: Contributory: 2.15%'); ATRS 2026 April Planner, p. 10 (Contributory Multiplier, 10 or more years of service credit: 2.15%)Arkansas formula guide →
CaliforniaCalSTRSTable or other method

An age-factor table: 2% at 60 or 2% at 62, by structure. Factor × years × your best 12 or 36 months of pay.

2% at 60: from 1.1% at 50 up to 2.4% at 63. 2% at 62: from 1.16% at 55 up to 2.4% at 65.

Member Handbook 2026, p. 78, Age factor tables: Age factor: CalSTRS 2% at 60California formula guide →
ColoradoColorado PERAOne multiplier for everyone

2.5% × years of service × your highest average salary (best 3 or 5 years), up to 100% of that average.

3 years if you had 5 years of service on January 1, 2020; otherwise 5 years.

Your PERA Benefits (rev. Apr. 2026), p. 7, Defined Benefit Calculation; C.R.S. 24-51-603(1)(a) (Colorado PERA Law, 2025 ed., p. 84)Colorado formula guide →
ConnecticutConnecticut TRBOne multiplier for everyone

2% × years of service × average of your 3 highest salaries, up to 75% of that average.

CTRS Active Teachers' Handbook (July 1, 2022), p. 24, Your Normal Retirement Benefit; C.G.S. § 10-183g(a) (2026 Supp.)Connecticut formula guide →
DelawareSEPPDepends on tier or plan

2% for years before 1997 and 1.85% for later years × your average monthly pay over your best 36 months.

SEPP Summary Plan Description (2026), p. 23, Service Pension Calculation, Figure 1Delaware formula guide →
FloridaFRSDepends on tier or plan

1.60% to 1.68% a year, depending on your age or years at retirement. Average of your best 5 years (8 if you joined July 2011 or later).

This is the FRS Pension Plan. FRS also offers an Investment Plan.

Member Handbook (2026 ed.), p. 30, Percentage Value for a Year of Retirement Credit; Pension Plan SPD (July 1, 2026), p. 5, Benefit Calculation; Understanding Your Benefits (Sept. 24, 2025), p. 12, slide 24Florida formula guide →
GeorgiaTRS of GeorgiaOne multiplier for everyone

2% × years of service × average of your 2 highest years in a row. Up to 40 years count.

Member's Guide 06/26, p. 6, Retirement Benefit FormulaGeorgia formula guide →
HawaiiHawaii ERSDepends on tier or plan

Hybrid plan: 2% if you joined before July 2012, 1.75% after. Average of your best three years (before July 2012) or best five (after).

Noncontributory plan service counts at 1.25%.

Hawaii ERS Hybrid Retirement Information (Oct. 2026), p. 3; Hawaii ERS Noncontributory Retirement Information (Oct. 2026), p. 3; Hawaii ERS Contributory Retirement Information (Oct. 2026), p. 3Hawaii formula guide →
IdahoPERSICheck with PERSI

2% × years of service × your average monthly pay over your highest 42 months in a row.

PERSI's own sources differ on the averaging period: the handbook says 42 months, PERSI rules say 36. Check with PERSI.

HB p. 22; ACFR 2024 Summary of Plan Provisions, p. 8; FS2025 Note 1, p. 19 (2.0% for all members except police and fire)Idaho formula guide →
IllinoisTRS IllinoisDepends on tier or plan

2.2% × years × average salary: best 4 years in a row of your last 10 (Tier 1) or best 8 of last 10 (Tier 2). Max 75%.

Tier 1 service before July 1, 1998 that wasn't upgraded earns 1.67% to 2.3%.

Tier 2 Member Guide (Sept. 2026), p. 18, Capping average salary (2.2% x FAS x years); TRS Benefit Information Meeting Tier 2 (FY27), slide 14, Formula FactorIllinois formula guide →
IndianaTRFOne multiplier for everyone

1.1% × years of service × average of your 5 highest years of pay (they don't have to be in a row).

This is the TRF Hybrid Plan pension. The My Choice plan has no pension.

Hybrid Handbook 07/01/2025, p. 29, §7 Pension Benefits; p. 30, §7.4 Table 1 Pension Benefit Calculation Worksheet ExampleIndiana formula guide →
IowaIPERSDepends on tier or plan

2% a year for your first 30 years, then 1% a year up to 35 (65% max) × your highest 5-year average salary.

Your average can be the higher of a 3-year average as of June 30, 2012 and your 5-year career average.

IPERS Member Handbook (Updated July 2025), pp. 41-42, Calculating Benefits for Regular MembersIowa formula guide →
KansasKPERSDepends on tier or plan

KPERS 1: 1.75% (1.85% for service from 2014). KPERS 2: 1.85%. Average of best 3 or 5 years. KPERS 3 is a cash balance plan.

KPERS 1 & 2 Membership Guide (rev. 2/26), p. 13 ('1.85% for all service'); KPERS Pre-Retirement Planning Guide for KPERS 1 & 2 (1/25), p. 8; KPERS 2 Benefits at a Glance (rev. 5/25), PDF p. 2; K.S.A. 74-49,205; KPERS Budget Narrative FY 2027 (Sept. 30, 2025), PDF p. 12 ('those members retire on or after July 1, 2012 will receive a higher multiplier of 1.85 percent for all years of service'); KLRD Briefing Book 2021, KPERS Tier 2Kansas formula guide →
KentuckyTRS of KentuckyDepends on tier or plan

TRS 1-3: 1.7% to 2.5% a year by tier and years, and 3% for years over 30. TRS 4 uses age and career factors. Best 5 years' pay.

University members earn less (2% in TRS 1 and 2). TRS 1-3 members 55 or older with 27 years use their best 3 years.

KRS 161.620(1)(a)-(b); TRS 1-3 Service Retirement (Mar. 2023), p. 2Kentucky formula guide →
LouisianaTRSLDepends on tier or plan

2.5% for Regular Plan members who joined July 1999 or later. Earlier members get 2.0% or 2.5%; Plan B, 2.0%. Best 3 or 5 years in a row.

3 years if you first joined a Louisiana state system before 2011; 5 years if you joined on or after.

TRSL Member Handbook (Apr. 2026), p. 9, What is a benefit factor?Louisiana formula guide →
MaineMainePERSOne multiplier for everyone

2% × years of service × average of your 3 highest years of pay (they don't have to be in a row).

MainePERS Teacher Member Handbook (2026), pp. 16-17, How MainePERS Determines Your Service Retirement BenefitMaine formula guide →
MarylandTPSDepends on tier or plan

ACPS: 1.8% a year (1.2% for service before July 1998), best 3 years in a row. RCPB: 1.5% a year, best 5 years in a row.

ACPS Handbook (Apr. 2021) p. 21, Normal Service RetirementMaryland formula guide →
MassachusettsMTRSTable or other method

An age factor from a table (up to 2.5% at 65) × years × salary average (3 years in Tier 1, 5 in Tier 2). Max 80%.

RetirementPlus members with 30 years can get extra percentage points.

Booklet p. 35, Benefit estimate worksheet, Example: Tier 1Massachusetts formula guide →
MichiganMPSERSDepends on tier or plan

1.5% a year; some service after the 2012 reform earns 1.25%. Average of your best 3 years (MIP) or 5 years (Basic, Pension Plus).

Planning Your Retirement (R0613C Rev. 5/26), p. 10, Calculating your pension ('FAC x Pension factor x YOS'); MPSERS ACFR (FY ended Sept. 30, 2025), p. 25, Regular Retirement; MCL 38.1384(1)Michigan formula guide →
MinnesotaTRADepends on tier or plan

1.9% a year for service from July 2006, 1.7% before. Tier I members may get a Step formula instead. Average of your best 5 years in a row.

TRA Handbook (Apr. 2022), p. 16, Tier II (employed after June 30, 1989)Minnesota formula guide →
MississippiMississippi PERSDepends on tier or plan

Tiers 1-4: 2% a year, then 2.5% after 25 years (30 for Tier 4). Tier 5 (hybrid, from March 2026): 1%. Best 4 years.

PERS Member Handbook (rev. Nov. 8, 2024), pp. 24, 62; PERS Hybrid Retirement Plan Member Handbook (rev. May 1, 2026), p. 17Mississippi formula guide →
MissouriPSRSDepends on tier or plan

2.5% × years × average of your best 3 years in a row. With 32 or more years, 2.55%.

Years in a job also covered by Social Security count at two-thirds of the formula.

Handbook 2026-2027, p. 46, Benefit Formula Components; p. 47, Benefit FormulaMissouri formula guide →
MontanaMontana TRSCheck with Montana TRS

1.6667% (1/60) × years × best 3 years in a row (Tier One) or 5 (Tier Two). Tier Two at 60 with 30+ years: 1.85%.

Montana TRS's web page doesn't mention the age-60 condition for 1.85% that the law sets. Check with Montana TRS.

MCA 19-20-804; 19-20-703(1); Montana TRS web page, Understand Your Benefits (Standard Benefit Calculation Formula; Tier 2 Professional Option)Montana formula guide →
NebraskaNebraska School Retirement SystemOne multiplier for everyone

2% × years of service × average of your highest three (Tier One) or five (Tiers Two to Four) 12-month periods.

To get 2% you must have been employed on or after May 2, 2001 and earned at least half a year of service after that.

NPERS School Handbook (rev. 07/2026), p. 2, Your Benefit (Defined Benefit Formula)Nebraska formula guide →
NevadaNevada PERSDepends on tier or plan

2.25% if you enrolled July 2015 or later; 2.5% (or 2.67%) for earlier members. Average of your 36 highest months in a row.

Nevada PERS Summary Plan Description for Regular Members (REV 8/25), pp. 4-5; NRS 286.551(1)Nevada formula guide →
New HampshireNHRSDepends on tier or plan

1/60 (about 1.667%) a year, then 1/66 (about 1.515%) from full Social Security age. Best three years (Tier A) or five (Tiers B, C).

NHRS web pages 'Service Retirement: Group I Tier A & B' and 'Group I Tier C' (saved Nov. 12, 2026); NHRS Group I Summaries (Rev. 10/2024), PDF p. 1, Service Retirement; RSA 100-A:5, I(b)New Hampshire formula guide →
New JerseyTPAFDepends on tier or plan

Tiers 1-3: years ÷ 55 × average salary. Tiers 4-5: years ÷ 60. Average of last 3 or best 3 years (Tiers 4-5: 5 years).

Guidebook p. 25; N.J.S.A. 18A:66-44New Jersey formula guide →
New MexicoNMERBDepends on tier or plan

Tiers 1-3: 2.35% a year. Tier 4 (hired July 2019 or later): 1.35% to 3.35% by years. Average of your best 60 months in a row.

NMERB Member Handbook 2025, p. 6, Defined Benefit Plan; p. 16, Calculating Retirement BenefitsNew Mexico formula guide →
New YorkNYSTRSDepends on tier or plan

Tier 6: 1.67% a year under 20 years, then 35% plus 2% a year past 20. Older tiers: 1.67% to 2%. Average of best 3 years in a row.

AMH pp. 16, 31; Tier 6 deck slide 28New York formula guide →
North CarolinaTSERSOne multiplier for everyone

1.82% × years of service × average of your 4 highest-paid years in a row (48 months).

TSERS Handbook, Benefit Calculations (modified 10/28/2026), TSERS Retirement FormulaNorth Carolina formula guide →
North DakotaTFFROne multiplier for everyone

2% × years of service × average of your highest 3 years (Tier 1) or 5 years (Tier 2).

TFFR Member Handbook (5/7/2026), pp. 18-19, Computing your Benefit; NDCC 15-39.1-10(2); TFFR Retirement Guide (2/2023), p. 3North Dakota formula guide →
OhioSTRS OhioTable or other method

2.2% × years × your 5-year final average salary. Early-retirement amounts come from STRS Ohio's benefit tables.

Plan Summary 2026|2027, pp. 16-17, Salary-related benefit; Plans of Payment (DB) 2026|2027, pp. 2-3, Benefit calculation; ORC 3307.58(D)(3)Ohio formula guide →
OklahomaTRS of OklahomaOne multiplier for everyone

2% × years × average salary: your highest 3 years if you joined before July 1992, best 5 in a row if later.

Years before July 1995 may use capped salaries.

TRS Member Handbook (July 1, 2025), p. 12, How will my monthly benefit be computed at retirement?; 70 O.S. § 17-116.2(A)(2)(a)Oklahoma formula guide →
OregonOregon PERSDepends on tier or plan

Tier One/Tier Two: 1.67% a year. OPSRP: 1.5% a year. Average of your best three years or last 36 months, whichever is higher.

Members also have an Individual Account Program (IAP) account.

PERS webpage 'OPSRP overview and benefit calculation' (saved Nov. 11, 2026), General service; ORS 238A.125(1)(b)Oregon formula guide →
PennsylvaniaPSERSDepends on tier or plan

By class: T-C and T-E 2.0%, T-D and T-F 2.5%, T-G 1.25%, T-H 1.0%. Average of best 3 years (T-G and T-H: 5 years).

Class DC has no pension multiplier.

Active Member Handbook, p. 21; Let's Talk About PSERS Death Benefits (Mar. 2025), p. 1Pennsylvania formula guide →
Rhode IslandERSRIDepends on tier or plan

1% a year for service from July 2012, plus what you earned before then under Schedule A or B (1.6% to 3% a year). Best 3 years in a row.

The 3-year average applies if you retire on or after July 1, 2024; before that it was 5 years.

ERSRI Member Handbook (10th ed., June 2020), p. 19, Retirement Benefit Amounts (accrual chart); R.I. Gen. Laws § 16-16-13(a)-(c)Rhode Island formula guide →
South CarolinaSCRSOne multiplier for everyone

1.82% × years × average of your best 12 quarters (Class Two) or 20 quarters (Class Three) in a row.

SCRS Handbook FY2027, p. 18, Service retirement benefit calculations, Steps 1-4South Carolina formula guide →
South DakotaSDRSDepends on tier or plan

Generational: 1.8% a year. Foundation: 1.7% before July 2008, 1.55% after (or an alternate formula). Best 20 quarters in a row of last 40.

SDRS Class A Generational Handbook (July 2024), p. 11, Normal Retirement Benefits (formula graphic, see source/handbook-image-text.txt); SDCL 3-12C-1204South Dakota formula guide →
TennesseeTCRSDepends on tier or plan

Legacy: 1.5% a year, raised 5% (about 1.575%). Hybrid: 1%. Average of your best 60 months in a row.

The Hybrid plan also has a separate 401(k) account.

Legacy Member Guide 12/2024, p. 5, Service Retirement; p. 7, Social Security Integration CalculationTennessee formula guide →
TexasTRSOne multiplier for everyone

2.3% for all tiers × years of service × average of your best 3 or 5 years, by tier.

TRS Benefits Handbook (September 2025), p. 26, Tier 1 > Standard Annuity CalculationTexas formula guide →
UtahURSDepends on tier or plan

Tier 1: 2% × years × average of best 3 years. Tier 2 Hybrid: 1.5% × years × average of best 5 years.

URS Tier 1 Noncontributory Highlights (2026-27), p. 15, Benefit Formula; Utah Code 49-13-402(2)(a)Utah formula guide →
VermontVSTRSDepends on tier or plan

1.67% a year (1.25% for older Group B service; Group C #2 earns 2% after 20 years). Average of best 3 years in a row.

VSTRS Group C #2 handout (2012), pp. 2-3, Calculating Your Retirement Benefits; VSTRS Group C #1 handout (2012), pp. 2-3; 16 V.S.A. § 1937(c)(1)-(2); Segal, VSTRS Actuarial Valuation as of June 30, 2025, p. 58, Exhibit HVermont formula guide →
VirginiaVRSDepends on tier or plan

Plan 1: 1.7%. Plan 2: 1.7%, or 1.65% for service from 2013. Hybrid: 1.0%. Best 36 months in a row (Plan 1) or 60 months (others).

Getting Ready to Retire Guide 07-2026, p. 9, Retirement MultipliersVirginia formula guide →
WashingtonWashington TRSDepends on tier or plan

Plans 1 and 2: 2% a year. Plan 3: 1% plus an investment account. Average of best two years (Plan 1) or 60 months in a row (Plans 2, 3).

DRS TRS Plan 1 page and TRS Plan 2 page (retrieved 2026-11-11), Your income: formula and Example; RCW 41.32.498(2), 41.32.760Washington formula guide →
West VirginiaWest Virginia TRSOne multiplier for everyone

2% × years of service × average of your 5 highest years within your last 15.

TRS Tier I brochure (Sept. 2023), p. 1, Final Average Salary x Years of Service x 2%; TRS Tier II brochure (Sept. 2023), p. 1; W. Va. Code §18-7A-26(c), (f); 162 CSR 4 § 5.3, p. 7West Virginia formula guide →
WisconsinWRSDepends on tier or plan

1.6% for service from 2000 (1.765% before) × years × average of your 3 highest years. You get the higher of this or a money purchase amount.

ET-4107 (rev 3/5/2025), p. 7, Formula MultipliersWisconsin formula guide →
WyomingWyoming RSDepends on tier or plan

Tier 1: 2.125% for the first 15 years, 2.25% after. Tier 2: 2%. Best 36 months in a row (Tier 1) or 60 months (Tier 2).

WRS Public Employee Pension Plan Handbook (Updated August 2026), p. 9, Estimating Your Benefit and Public Employee Pension Benefit TableWyoming formula guide →

What this means

The multiplier (some states call it a benefit factor or age factor) is the percent of your average salary you earn for each year of service. Your final average salary is usually the average of your highest-paid years, and the number of years used differs by state and tier.

A higher multiplier doesn't by itself mean a bigger pension. Retirement age, early-retirement cuts, salary caps and COLAs all matter. Use your state's calculator for an estimate.

Questions

How is a teacher pension calculated?

In many states: multiplier × years of service × final average salary. For example, with a 2% multiplier, 30 years and a $60,000 average, that is 2% × 30 × $60,000 = $36,000 a year. Your state's guide has its exact formula.

What is a pension multiplier?

The percent of your average salary you earn for each year of service.

Sources: each state's own handbook, statute or system publication, cited in its row. Last checked Nov. 12, 2026. Found an error? Tell us.